Eating Disorders and Pregnancy: What You Need to Know

Authored by Mandy Kryzsiak, MSS Candidate and The Understory Group Intern

Pregnancy is a transformative time, physically and emotionally. But for individuals with eating disorders, it can also be a time of heightened challenges. The intersection of pregnancy and disordered eating presents unique risks for both the mother and the developing baby. Understanding these complexities is crucial for early intervention and healthy outcomes. 

Eating Disorders and Pregnancy: A Complex Relationship 

Pregnancy introduces physical changes that can be particularly difficult for those with body image issues or a history of disordered eating. The need to gain weight, changes in body shape, and shifting hormones can trigger relapses or worsen existing symptoms. 

Prevalence and Risk Factors 

Although exact numbers vary, studies suggest that approximately 5–7.5% of pregnant women have an active eating disorder, while many more have a history of one [1]. Risk factors include a previous ED diagnosis, high body dissatisfaction, and comorbid conditions like anxiety or depression.

Health Risks for Mother and Baby 

Eating disorders during pregnancy can lead to serious complications: 

For the Mother: 

- Malnutrition– depriving both the mother and fetus of essential nutrients - Anemia – due to iron deficiency 

- Dehydration 

For the Baby: 

- Low birth weight 

- Small for gestational age 

- Developmental delays 

- Neonatal complications – such as respiratory issues or feeding difficulties 

In severe cases, eating disorders can also result in stillbirth or maternal death, particularly if left untreated [2]. 

Psychological and Emotional Impact 

Pregnancy can intensify the emotional struggles tied to eating disorders. Many women report feelings of guilt, shame, and loss of control. The pressure to be a “perfect” mother adds another layer of anxiety. Postpartum depression is also more common in women with current or past EDs [3]. 

Diagnosis and Treatment 

Healthcare providers should screen pregnant patients for eating disorders. If the pregnant person screens positive, care would include a multidisciplinary care involving obstetricians, mental health professionals, and dietitians is often essential. 

Hope and Recovery 

While managing an eating disorder during pregnancy can be daunting, recovery is possible. Early detection, compassionate care, and a supportive network are key. Many women find that the desire to nurture a healthy baby can be a powerful motivator for recovery. 

In Conclusion

Eating disorders and pregnancy form a complicated but navigable path. With increased awareness, medical support, and psychological care, women can experience healthy pregnancies while addressing their eating disorders. 

If you or someone you know is struggling with an eating disorder during pregnancy, don't hesitate to seek help. Recovery is not only possible—it’s vital for both mother and child. 

References: 

1. Easter, A., Bye, A., Taborelli, E., et al. (2013). "Recognising the symptoms: how common are eating disorders in pregnancy?" European Eating Disorders Review, 21(1), 54-58. 

2. Micali, N., Simonoff, E., & Treasure, J. (2007). "Risk of major adverse perinatal outcomes in women with eating disorders." British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(3), 255-259. 

3. Watson, H. J., Torgersen, L., Zerwas, S., et al. (2015). "Eating disorders, pregnancy, and the postpartum period: Findings from a longitudinal study." International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48(6), 698-707.